Age-Related Macular Degeneration

What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

Age-Related Macular Degeneration, commonly referred to as AMD, is a progressive eye condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula. The macula is responsible for sharp, detailed vision, and AMD can lead to a gradual loss of central vision, making it difficult to read, recognize faces, or perform tasks that require clear sight.

In this video, ophthalmologist Dr Chang gives an overview of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Types of AMD

There are two main types of AMD:

Dry AMD: This is the more common form, accounting for about 90% of cases. It occurs when the macula thins over time and drusen (tiny yellow deposits) accumulate. Vision changes may happen gradually.
Wet AMD: While less common, wet AMD is more severe. It involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina, which can leak fluid and blood, causing rapid vision loss and distortion.

What are the symptoms of AMD?

The symptoms of AMD may include:

Blurred or Distorted Vision: Straight lines may appear wavy or distorted.
Central Vision Loss: Difficulty recognizing faces or reading.
Dark or Empty Spaces: A dark or empty area may appear in the center of your vision.
Reduced Color Brightness: Colors may appear less vibrant.

How is AMD diagnosed?

An eye care professional like Dr John Chang can diagnose AMD through:

Dilated Eye Exam: This involves examining the retina and macula after dilating the pupils.
Amsler Grid Test: This simple test helps detect distortion or blank spots in your central vision.
Fluorescein Angiography: Used to diagnose wet AMD, this test involves injecting dye into a vein to highlight blood vessels in the retina.